Hubs-is a device for connecting multiple twisted pair or fiber opticEthernet devices together and making them act as a single network segment.
Switches-is an electrical component that can break an electrical circuit, interrupting the current or diverting it from one conductor to another.
Routers-is a networking device whose software and hardware are usually tailored to the tasks of routing and forwarding
Gateways-gateway may contain devices such as protocol translators, impedance matching devices, rate converters, fault isolators, or signalsystem interoperability. translators as necessary to provide
CSU/DSU-(Channel Service Unit/Data Service Unit) is a digital-interface device used to connect a Data Terminal Equipment device or DTE, such as a router, to a digital circuit
Network interface cards (NICs), ISDN adapters, and system area network cards-s a computer hardware component designed to allow computers to communicate over a computer network. It is both an OSI layer 1
Wireless access points (WAPs)- is a device that allows wireless communication devices to connect to a wireless network using Wi-Fi, Bluetooth or related standards.
Modems-is a device that modulates an analog carrier signal to encode digital information, and also demodulates such a carrier signal to decode the transmitted information.
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